Assignment on Research Methodology: Why Citation is Important and Why Plagiarism is it a serious matter?

 Name: Nidhi P. Jethava 

Paper: Research Methodology

Roll No. : 13

Enrollment Number: 306920200009

Email ID: jethavanidhi8@gmail.com 

Batch: 20-22( MA SEM- 4 )

Submitted to: S. B. Gardi Department of English, Maharaja KrishnaKumarsinhji Bhavnagar University 

Why Citation is Important and Why Plagiarism is it a serious matter? 

What is Research? 

“Research is a process of systematic inquiry that entails collection of data; documentation of critical information; and analysis and interpretation of that data/information, in accordance with suitable methodologies set by specific professional fields and academic disciplines.

Research is conducted to...

• Evaluate the validity of a hypothesis or an interpretive framework.

• To assemble a body of substantive knowledge and findings for sharing them in appropriate manners.

• To help generate questions for further inquiries.” (Hampshire College)

What is Citation? 

A "citation" is the way you tell your readers that certain material in your work came from another source. It also gives your readers the information necessary to find that source again, including:

• information about the author

• the title of the work

• the name and location of the company that published your copy of the source

• the date your copy was published

• the page numbers of the material you are borrowing. 

Why Citation is important?

Citing your sources is important for a variety of reasons, including:

• It gives credit to the authors of the sources you used

• It provides your reader with more information about your sources

• It shows your credibility

• It prevents plagiarism!

The easiest way to prevent plagiarism is by correctly noting your sources during the research and citing your sources in your writing and presentations.

According to Ohio State University

1. Giving Credit to Auther:

One major purpose of citations is to simply provide credit where it is due. When you provide accurate citations, you are acknowledging both the hard work that has gone into producing research and the person(s) who performed that research. Think about the effort you put into your work (whether essays, reports, or even non-academic jobs): if someone else took credit for your ideas or words, would that seem fair, or would you expect to have your efforts recognized?

2. It provides your reader with more information about your sources

Having accurate citations will help you as a researcher and writer keep track of the sources and information you find so that you can easily find the source again. Accurate citations may take some effort to produce, but they will save you time in the long run. So think of proper citation as a gift to your future researching self

3. To Provide Credibility to Your Work & to Place Your Work in Context

Providing accurate citations puts your work and ideas into an academic context. They tell your reader that you’ve done your research and know what others have said about your topic. Not only do citations provide context for your work but they also lend credibility and authority to your claims.

For example, if you’re researching and writing about sustainability and construction, you should cite experts in sustainability, construction, and sustainable construction in order to demonstrate that you are well-versed in the most common ideas in the fields. Although you can make a claim about sustainable construction after doing research only in that particular field, your claim will carry more weight if you can demonstrate that your claim can be supported by the research of experts in closely related fields as well.

Citing sources about sustainability and construction as well as sustainable construction demonstrates the diversity of views and approaches to the topic. In addition, proper citation also demonstrates the ways in which research is social: no one researches in a vacuum—we all rely on the work of others to help us during the research process.

4. It prevents plagiarism!

Misrepresenting your academic achievements by not giving credit to others indicates a lack of academic integrity. This is not only looked down upon by the scholarly community, but it is also punished. When you are a student this could mean a failing grade or even expulsion from the university. 

Plagiarism is a prominent problem encountered in the academic process and is one of the most common causes of compromising the academic integrity of the author. Sources must be cited in an appropriate form. Copying, using, or the misuse of other people’s ideas, words or concepts, without proper referencing is prohibited. It is not enough to change a few words in a phrase from the source material into “own words”. Changing the word-order of a sentence is unacceptable, as is the use of synonyms. Referencing and references, signify the quality of the work, detail the primary sources and are indicative of the extent of information on the subject. Proper referencing removes any question of plagiarism. ( Ario Santini)

Careful research 

Many instances of unintentional plagiarism can be traced back to sloppily taking notes during the research process. So be scrupulous in your research and note-taking. When you write, your notes will help you identify all borrowed material. Make sure that you clearly identify when you are copying words from a source (and transcribe them exactly or retain digital images of the passages), when you are summarizing or paraphrasing a source, and when you are jotting down an original thought of your own. Remember to record page numbers for quotations and paraphrased passages in your notes. Note-taking apps can help you collect information about your sources and organize your own ideas. Steer a middle course between recording too much information and too little. Details, like specific phrases and passages, will help you present evidence in your paper. But also remember to describe in your notes how a writer used those details to arrive at a particular conclusion. Notes that merely list quotations without giving any sense of why they are important, how they relate to the sources they derive from and to one another, and what they collectively mean will be of little help to you once you start writing. As you do research, collect all the sources you use in one place, which will allow you to double-check that your work acknowledges them. Care needs to be taken even when using a digital reference manager for notetaking or creating documentation, since the data used by the software can be incorrect and must be checked against your source. Thus, manual input is often required. Citation tools are a good starting point, but their output must be verified and edited. ( MLA Handbook 9th Edition)

 How to Cite a Source?

There are many different ways of citing resources from your research. The citation style sometimes depends on the academic discipline involved. For example:

• APA (American Psychological Association) is used by Education, Psychology, and Sciences

• MLA (Modern Language Association) style is used by the Humanities

• Chicago/Turabian style is generally used by Business, History, and the Fine Arts.

Why Plagiarism is it a serious matter? 

Occasionally an author or public speaker is accused of plagiarism. No doubt you have had classroom conversations about plagiarism and academic dishonesty. Your school may have an honor code that addresses academic dishonesty; your school almost certainly has disciplinary procedures meant to address plagiarism. But you may not be sure what exactly this offense is and how to avoid committing it. 

Plagiarism is presenting another person’s ideas, words, or entire work as your own. Plagiarism may sometimes have legal repercussions (e.g., when it involves copyright infringement) but is always unethical. 

Plagiarism can take a number of forms. Copying a published or unpublished text of any length, whether deliberately or accidentally, is plagiarism if you do not give credit to the source. Paraphrasing someone’s ideas or arguments or copying someone’s unique wording without giving proper credit is plagiarism. Turning in a paper or thesis written by someone else, even if you paid for it, is plagiarism. 

It is even possible to plagiarize yourself. In published work, if you reuse ideas or phrases that you used in prior work and do not cite your prior work, you have plagiarized. Many schools’ academic honesty policies prohibit the reuse of one’s prior work in papers, theses, and dissertations, even with selfcitation. (Sometimes, however, revising and building on your earlier work is useful and productive for intellectual growth; if you want to reuse portions of your previously written work in an educational context, ask your instructor.) When writers and public speakers are exposed as plagiarists in professional contexts, they may lose their jobs and are certain to suffer public embarrassment, diminished prestige, and loss of credibility. One instance of plagiarism can cast a shadow across an entire career because plagiarism reflects poorly on a person’s judgment, integrity, and honesty and calls into question everything about that person’s work. The consequences of plagiarism are not just personal, however. The damage done is also social. Ultimately, plagiarism is serious because it erodes public trust in information.

Works Cited

Modern Language Association of America. MLA Handbook (OFFICIAL). Edited by Modern Language Association of America, Modern Language Association, 2021.

Santini, Ario. “The Importance of Referencing.” NCBI, 9 February 2018, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5953266/. Accessed 17 March 2022.

“What is Research?” Hampshire College, https://www.hampshire.edu/dof/what-is-research. Accessed 17 March 2022.

“Why Cite Sources? – Choosing & Using Sources: A Guide to Academic Research.” The Ohio State University Pressbooks, https://ohiostate.pressbooks.pub/choosingsources/chapter/why-cite/. Accessed 17 March 2022.

Characters: 9622

Words: 1509

Sentence: 75

Paragraph: 54 

Assignment on Contemporary Literatures in English: 'The Only Story' as a Memory Novel

 Name: Nidhi P. Jethava 

Paper: Contemporary Literatures in English

Roll No. : 13

Enrollment Number: 306920200009

Email ID: jethavanidhi8@gmail.com 

Batch: 20-22( MA SEM- 4 )

Submitted to: S. B. Gardi Department of English, Maharaja KrishnaKumarsinhji Bhavnagar University 

The Only Story as a Memory Novel 

‘The Only Story is the thirteenth novel by contemporary writer Julian Barnes. So let’s discuss first Julian Barnes first and The Only Story.  

About Julian Barnes. 

Julian Barnes is the author of several books of stories, essays, a translation of Alphonse Daudet's In the Land of Pain, and numerous novels, including the 2011 Man Booker Prize winning novel The Sense of an Ending and the acclaimed The Noise of Time. His other recent publications include Keeping an Eye Open: Essays on Art and The Only Story.

His book The Man in the Red Coat was published in the UK in 2019 and in the US in 2020. He also selected and introduced a collection of John Cheever stories titled A Vision of the World  (Vintage Classics, 2021). His new novel Elizabeth Finch will be published in 2022. 

Barnes has received numerous awards and honours for his writing, most recently the David Cohen Prize for Literature in 2011, the 2011 Man Booker Prize, the 2021 Jerusalem Prize, and the 2021 Yasnaya Polyana Literary Award. Also in 2021, he was awarded the Jean Bernard Prize, so named in memory of the great specialist in hematology who was a member of the French Academy and chaired the Academy of Medicine.

About  The Only Story. 

‘The Only Story’ is the story of nineteen year Paul Roberts and forty-eight years old Sussan Macleod. It is a love story that is different than any other love story. The Only Story concerns the pained recollections of an aging Englishman's life-changing only love. Fifty years after he fell hard for a woman nearly 30 years his senior, Barnes' narrator scavenges his memory and probes the scar tissue of his cauterized heart in a way that's frequently painful to read.

The Only Story as a Memory Novel: 

‘The Only Story’ is a memory novel. It tuches some points like: 

History is collective memory; Memory is personal history. 

Trauma is Memory. 

Memory and Morality. 

Memory Prioritizes.

History is collective memory; Memory is personal history: 

While discussing ‘The Only Story’ as a ‘History is collective memory; Memory is personal history. We can get examples of cinematic examples of Momento. This Movie majorly talks about philosophical ideas. 

“Cinematic and narrational gimmicks apart, `Memento' contained a philosophical and ethical message at its core. If our memory is taken away from us so also is our moral responsibility for our actions. The protagonist in the film was being manipulated by conspirators who wanted to use him as the perfect instrument of murder, in that - having no memory of the crime - he could not later feel any remorse which might prompt him to confess to the deed. (Other examples - Taletell heart – Claudius confession, Arthur in Scarlet letter)

To add a further twist - both to the plot and to the moral question mark that it poses - there is ambiguity as to whether the exploited amnesiac is in fact exploiting the situation so as to make the most of his memory-free state and achieve a godlike - or devil-like - transcendence above and beyond the duality of good and evil. Is our sense of morality rooted in memory, and if we erase memory, do we erase morality along with it? This is the disturbing question raised by `Memento’.  Memento' questions not just the concept of a moral self but also the concept of a continuous moral identity - an 'I' - which is responsible for its past actions.”  (Dilip Barad)

In ‘The Only Story’ the protagonist Paul is the narrator of the story. The whole story is woven around their memory of him. So Mamonto arises questions like ‘Is our sense of morality rooted in memory, and if we erase memory, do we erase morality along with it? So this novel is also concerned with these questions. The character of Paul is telling us a story and he has remorse so he is hiding something, he is changing the history on his own memory. 

Trauma is Memory. 

Exploring the trauma and memory we can get some idea from Dipesh Chakraborty “ • One of principal arguments seems to be that “the narrative structure of the memory of trauma works on a principle opposite to that of any historical narrative”.

Julian Barnes in his two important works ‘ The Sence of an Ending’ and ‘The Only Story’ has talked about this. Cate Klanchy in his article talked “Our new hero, Paul, places himself nearer the truth-telling memoirist Barnes than his fictional predecessor, the fascinatingly unreliable Tony Webster in The Sense of an Ending. Paul begins, as if in essay form, with a wide, philosophical question: “Would you rather love the more, and suffer the more, or love the less, and suffer the less?” He constantly keeps one eye on historical context, and is especially astute on architectural detail and the way money is spent; and he is always intent on making himself ordinary, a mere example of humanity. As such, he is anxiously alert not only to the problems of self-heroizing, but its opposite: “There is the danger of being retrospectively anti-heroic: making yourself out to have behaved worse than you actually did can be a form of self-praise.”

Memory and Morality. 

Memory and Morality play a very important role. So Susan and paul’s relationship turns to disaster. So is the responsible for this? Is Susan has something wrong? Did Paul feel any regret for his deeds? In the middle of the novel, Paul has written a letter to Susan’s daughter because now he is not able to take care of her. So is he are ruining reality? The answer is yes throughout the novel he speaks lies and tries to run away with his moral duties. He might be able to save Susan but he could not do this and now he has remorse. So he wants to hide that remorse and that’s why he is saving himself. 

Memory Prioritizes.

“I would guess that memory prioritizes whatever is most useful to help keep the bearer of those memories going. So there would be a self-interest in bringing happier memories to the surface first.” His will be, he’s advising us, a story with a time line and an arc: happy first things first, upswing, downswing.” (TOS)

So above lines by Paul show that Paul goes on to introduce another feature of memory that will shape his story.  

Illustrating More about this one should remember the episode of Eric. “Eric had become involved with a younger American woman. Ashley said she loved him; a love which expressed itself as wanting to be with him all the time and never wanting to meet his friends. And Ashley wouldn’t sleep with him, no, not now anyway, but certainly later. Ashley had her faith, you see, and Eric, having been religious himself in his youth, could understand and appreciate that. Ashley wasn’t a member of an established church, because look at all the harm established churches had caused; Eric could see that too. Ashley said that if he loved her, and agreed with her contempt for worldly possessions, then he would surely join her in such beliefs. And so Eric, temporarily cut off from his friends, put his little house up for sale, planning to give the proceeds to some cockamamie sect in Baltimore, after which the couple would move there and be married by some cockamamie religious theorist, or shaman, or sham, whereupon Eric, in exchange for his Perivale house, would be granted squatter’s rights in perpetuity in his new wife’s body. Fortunately, almost at the last minute, some survival instinct asserted itself, and he had cancelled his instructions to the estate agent, whereupon Ashley vanished from his life for ever.”

So, Paul talks about this episode of his friend Eric has relationship with Ashely. Eric was ready to abandon everything but he realized that he was doing wrong and without hurting anybody he saved the situation. In the case of Paul, he was not able to do this. So, here that incident is very important. 

Conclusion:

In brief, ‘The Only Story’ is different from other so-called romantic stories. It’s based on Paul’s memory. It talks about the morals of life. It talks about different aspects of memory in one’s life. It is the story of remorse from paul wanting to run away by narrating the story his own way. Memory is not reliable and it changes according to the situation. 

“Memory sorts and sifts according to the demands made on it by the rememberer. Do we have access to the algorithm of its priorities? Probably not. But I would guess that memory prioritises whatever is most useful to help keep the bearer of those memories going.”

Works Cited

Barad, Dilip. “Memory Novel - Theme of Memory and History - The Only Story - Julian ….” SlideShare, 2 February 2022, https://www.slideshare.net/dilipbarad/memory-novel-theme-of-memory-and-history-the-only-story-julian-barnes. Accessed 17 March 2022.

Barnes, Julian. The Only Story. Random House, 2018.

Chakravarty, Dipesh. ‘Memories of Displacement: The Poetry and Prejudice of Dwelling’ in Habitation of Modernity, pp 116-17.

Clanchy, Kate, and John Grindrod. “The Only Story by Julian Barnes review – an exquisite look at love.” The Guardian, 26 January 2018, https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jan/26/the-only-story-julian-barnes-review. Accessed 17 March 2022.

Characters: 9154

Words: 1544

Sentences: 77

Paragraphs: 43

                                                                            

Assignment on African Literature: Double colonization of African Women in 'The Joys of Motherhood'

 Name: Nidhi P. Jethava 

Paper: African Literature 

Roll No. : 13

Enrollment Number: 306920200009

Email ID: jethavanidhi8@gmail.com 

Batch: 20-22( MA SEM- 4 )

Submitted to: S. B. Gardi Department of English, Maharaja KrishnaKumarsinhji Bhavnagar University

Double colonization of African Women in 'The Joys of Motherhood' 

Introduction: 

Literature is an interesting way to go back and see the narrated things. Africa was colonized country. The history of Africa is very interesting. Especially the post-colonial era because during that era so many things happened. In this assignment, the situation of African women is described in the context of two major works. One is ‘The Joys of Motherhood’ and ‘Petals of Blood’. The two important characters Nnu Ego and Wanja, are double colonized women. They are not only being colonized by colonizers but also with masculinity. 

About ‘The Joys of Motherhood’

The Joys of Motherhood is a novel written by Buchi Emecheta. It was first published in London, UK, by Allison & Busby in 1979 and was reprinted in Heinemann's African Writers Series in 2008. The basis of the novel is the "necessity for a woman to be fertile, and above all to give birth to sons".[1] It tells the tragic story of Nnu-Ego, daughter of Nwokocha Agbadi and Ona, who had a bad fate with childbearing. This novel explores the life of a Nigerian woman, Nnu Ego. Nnu's life centres on her children and through them, she gains the respect of her community. Traditional tribal values and customs begin to shift with increasing colonial presence and influence, pushing Ego to challenge accepted notions of "mother", "wife", and "woman". Through Nnu Ego's journey, Emecheta forces her readers to consider the dilemmas associated with adopting new ideas and practices against the inclination to cleave to tradition. In this novel, Emecheta reveals and celebrates the pleasures derived from fulfilling responsibilities related to family matters in childbearing, mothering, and nurturing activities among women. However, the author additionally highlights how the 'joys of motherhood' also include anxiety, obligation, and pain.

About Buchi Emecheta: 

Florence Onyebuchi "Buchi" Emecheta OBE (21 July 1944 – 25 January 2017) was a Nigerian-born novelist, based in the UK from 1962, who also wrote plays and an autobiography, as well as works for children. She was the author of more than 20 books, including Second Class Citizen (1974), The Bride Price (1976), The Slave Girl (1977) and The Joys of Motherhood (1979). Most of her early novels were published by Allison and Busby, where her editor was Margaret Busby.

 

Emecheta's themes of child slavery, motherhood, female independence and freedom through education gained recognition from critics and honours. She once described her stories as "stories of the world, where women face the universal problems of poverty and oppression, and the longer they stay, no matter where they have come from originally, the more the problems become identical." Her works explore the tension between tradition and modernity. She has been characterized as "the first successful black woman novelist living in Britain after 1948".

 

Double colonization of Women in 'The Joys of Motherhood' 

• What is Double Colonization? 

According to Fuad Abdul Muttalib

“The notion of 'Double colonization' indicates that women suffer from a double colonization: one is exercised by the colonizer and the other by her society. We can see this notion presented in the work of Neeru Tandon, in her book Feminine Psyche: A Post Modern Critique (2008), discussing that women have faced the oppression of colonialism and patriarchy together, which respectively refer to the term of 'Double colonization'. The studies about representation of women from colonizing and colonized culture show that double colonization affected women of different cultures in different ways. Actually, women have suffered from double colonization in different societies and different cultures. Also, women have faced different kinds of oppression: from their masculine society on the one hand, and from colonization on the other hand. They have experienced the oppression of patriarchy because of socially constructed roles which make them an inferior class in the society with no rights, also they have experienced the oppression of colonization”

 

The Joys of Motherhood is the story of Nnu Ego. She is the protagonist of the story. Nnu Ego is belonging to the Ibuza community. So throughout the play, she was craving for motherhood, double colonization, and destiny also. So, Why in ‘The Joys of Motherhood’ is Enu Ego described as a double colonized woman. Why are other women described as double colonized? What are the possible reasons? So Nnu Ego belongs to the community known as Ibu and here is some information about that community. So each community has some rules and regulations of the Ibu Community. 

According to Dr. Mohamed Fathi Helaly

“Ibuza is a village where people live in a rural environment. Such an environment has its own traditions, customs, values and norms at the economic as well as the social levels. According to traditions in Ibuza, women are made to understand that men are the source of power and the masters of the houses. Women are also made to understand that they are brought up to obey and fulfill men’s needs and desires. Moreover, women are considered as properties that can be bought and sold. They can be sold to men who can pay the bride price to their families. However, the price can be given back to the husband if a woman fails to produce children. 

In a tribal society such the Ibo society, a woman is free but is not allowed to marry on her own. She cannot make her own decision regarding marriage and maternal life. Moreover, she is not allowed to make any decision associated with raising her children. In Ibuza, the role of men is different from their role in an urban community. Here, in Ibuza, a man’s role is defined by his culture and his people while his role in an urban community is defined by outsiders (colonizers). In the tribal society, men seek to enforce the traditions of the land. Such traditions have been there for generations with no change at all”.

So through the character of Nnu Ego and Adaku writer tried to depict the situation of African Women. African women were colonized by the British on one side and by class, culture and masculinity on the other. The widespread belief that African women are helpless and/or insignificant in the male-dominated community of Igbo culture is a serious mistake. Men's work is widely regarded as more authoritative than women's work, and polygamy and patriotic settlements (married women who live in their husband's village rather than their own) are generally practiced by women. While securing men's power against, Ibo women were still exercising considerable influence both in their marriage and in the larger community. For example, women were an important force in the agricultural economy of society. The women cultivated their own crops, sold the surplus crops (and their husband's crops), and had exclusive control over the operation and operation of the village market. A local transaction was made. In addition, women actively participated in the bigender political system of Iho society, Iho boys and Iho women governed separately, men and women chose their respective leaders and ministers, and established matters related to their respective members. .. Related members.

The Joys of Motherhood – Exploring the Double Marginalisation of African Women!

 Ankita Ghoshal reviewed the book and mentioned that:

“The portrayal of women in African literature has often been problematic. Women in these books are not depicted as characters of flesh and blood but as symbols and abstractions. They are presented either as nurturers or courtesans, benefiting the men in both cases. Buchi Emecheta‘s novel “The Joys of Motherhood” gives us a break from the stereotypical narratives about Black women being portrayed as manipulative and oversexed. Here, we see from the very beginning how a woman’s confidence, arrogance, and sauciness don’t add to her dignity. The traits are solely for enticing and entertaining the men. More than the Igbo tribal society’s norms, colonialism posed a bigger threat to Nigerian women’s collective well-being. Western capitalism has had a destructive influence on autonomy as well as the relative power of Igbo women.” 

So, in ‘The Joys of Motherhood’ the character of Ennu Ego, Adaku, Adanko, and Opko majority talk about this idea of double colonization. Especially character Nnu Ego talk about the concept of Double colonization. On one hand, she becomes colonized by Britishers, and another hand becomes colonized with class, culture, and masculinity. In this same way, the character of Adaku has faced this thing. Buchi with the help of the character Nnu Ego widely talks about this. Another character has not faced such things while Nnu had to go through such things which are mentioned above.  

Conclusion: 

To sum up, one can say that Nnu Ego is not an individual character but she represented the whole community. Teresa Derrickson mentions that “Nnu Ego becomes a casualty of a conflict between the old and the new, a casualty of a colonial system whose modern values and modern economic configurations are fundamentally irreconcilable with the traditional social structures of indigenous Africa. That Nnu Ego finally comes to recognize her predicament as such by the end of the novel is somewhat auspicious, and yet Emecheta ultimately offers no real solution as to what it means to be an African woman who is contained neither by the confines of the old patriarchy nor by the confines of the new. Nnu Ego's final role as a vengeful spirit who denies the blessing of children to other Ibo women seems to locate one solution in a shift toward Westernization, and yet cultural homogenization can hardly be the answer. Adaku, who chooses that path, finds herself rejected by her own people. Nnu Ego, who chooses the opposite, dies destitute and alone. In the end, each path is condemned as unacceptable for African women, a fact that remains both the point of Emecheta's novel and the problem it cannot solve.” 

Works Cited

Derrickson, Teresa. “Class, Culture, and the Colonial Context: The Status of Women in Buchi Emecheta's The Joys of Motherhood.” https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/IFR/article/view/7715/8772. Accessed 17 March 2022.

Ghoshal, Ankita. “The Joys of Motherhood by Buchi Emecheta [Review].” BookWritten, 5 May 2021, https://bookwritten.com/the-joys-of-motherhood-by-buchi-emecheta-review/2133/. Accessed 17 March 2022.

Helaly, Dr. Mohamed Fathi. “CULTURAL COLLISION AND WOMEN VICTIMIZATION: A STUDY OF BUCHI EMECHETA’S THE JOYS OF MOTHERHOOD (1979).” Journal of Language and Literature, vol. 7, 2016, p. 12.

Muttalib, Fuad Abdul. “The Double Colonization Of Women In Tayeb Salih’s Season Of Migration To The North And Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart.” International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation (IJLLT), vol. 3, no. 2, 2020, p. 9.

Characters: 10,872

Words: 1.738

Sentences: 95

Paragraphs:35