Today we have attended the session of prof. Bill Ashcroft with the topic of Postcolonialism so let's summarized this immense topic and also look analysis this topic.
Before discussion about Postcolonialism it should be necessary to understand what is colonialism ?
Answer :-
Colonialism is the policy of a foreign polity seeking to extend or retain its authority over other people or territories, generally with the aim of opening trade opportunities.
:- The colonized country seeks to benefit from the colonized country or land mass. Here I would like to put one video on colonialism which increase the knowledge if this particular concept.
WHAT IS THE MEANING OF DECOLONIZATION?
20th century people become aware that colonized ruled over them and they come to gather for exile colonization. At the middle of 20th century colonies were disappearing and people became free from slaveries.
NEO-COLONIZATION
The term neo-colonization represent the mentality of colonizing people. The term describe that colonies were exiling but their impact on people are remain.
I would like to represent the slide which described difference between Colonialism and Postcolonialism
Brief summary of prof. Bill Ashcroft's views on postcolonialism :-
Prof. Bill Ashcroft give his own views on post colonialism and is that
- Postcolonialism had a very interesting journey since 1989 when ' The Empire Right Back' was published.
- It is that branch of the contemporary theory that investigates and develops proposition.
- Postcolonialism stable if you like is like he call a convivial critical democracy.
- Critical democracy is embraces a wide range of difference specialization. It look at the operations of language racism of ethnicity and various aspect of colonial existence.
POSTCOLONIALISM AND GLOBALIZATION :-
- Language of postcolonialism drove the culture turn in globalization in the 1990s.
Simon Gikandi and they have two important things in common
(1) They are concern with explaining forms of social and cultural organization whose ambition is to transcend the boundaries of the nation-state and
(2) They seek to provide new ways to understand cultural flows that can longer be explained by a homogenous Eurocentric narrative of development and social change.
ON POLONIAL FUTURES BY BILL ASHCROFT :-
In this groundbreaking work, Bill Ashcroft extends the arguments posed in The Empire Writes Back to investigate the transformative effects of postcolonial resistance and the continuing relevance of colonial struggle.
-Growing themes:-
-Transnational literatures
- Transnationalism
- Multiple modernities
- World literature
- Cosmopolitanism
- The postcolonial sacred and
- Postcolonial Ecocriticism
Postcolonial Utopianism :-
Here prof. Bill also take a term Utopia which is given by Thomas More. So it is necessary for use to understand the term Utopian society
Utopia (Libellus vere aureus, nec minus salutaris quam festivus, de optimo rei publicae statu deque nova insula Utopia,[1] "A little, true book, not less beneficial than enjoyable, about how things should be in the new island Utopia") is a work of fiction and socio-political satire by Thomas More (1478–1535), written in Latin and published in 1516. The book is a frame narrative primarily depicting a fictional island society and its religious, social, and political customs. Many aspects of More's description of Utopia are reminiscent of life in monasteries.
Now here I would like to give some point of utopian society :-
- On the Best State of a Republic and on the New Island of Utopia
- Concerning the Highest State of the Republic and the New Island Utopia
- On the Best State of a Commonwealth and on the New Island of Utopia
- Concerning the Best Condition of the Commonwealth and the New Island of Utopia
- On the Best Kind of a Republic and About the New Island of Utopia
- About the Best State of a Commonwealth and the New Island of Utopia
Postcolonial utopianism by Bill Ashcroft
In this video Bill sir discuss his term how Utopian society and
postcolonial society is concerned with each other. Besides the all topic he also mention about " Literature's Anticipatory Function ", " Boarder and Horizon of Literature " , " postcolonialism and Nation ".
Transnation :-
Young nation such as Australia this becomes almost an obsession as it grows people are obsessed with the idea of Australian nation identity and probably an India too. The idea of national identity is something that people can escape really whether they're drawn to it or not. Now this brings in the postcolonialism as always seen the nation. Even the post-independence nation as a disappointment and the nation itself as something that is waiting.
Besides this all concept of colonialism I would like to represent some post colonial literature and it's related terms :-
Postcolonial literature has three major themes :
1. Exile and Alienation -
This term is connected with protagonist. In this kind of work protagonist went to another country and he leaved his countries culture and life and his mental condition also set based on that particular place.
Ex. 1. Ulysses by James Joyce
2. In the castle of my skin by George Lamming
3. Fire on the mountain by Anita Desai
2. Struggle and opposition -
This theme consist struggle between colonized and colonizer people. Struggle is like social struggle and political struggle.
Ex. 1. A passage to India by E.M. Forster
2. Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe
3. Confusion of Identities
When colonized people leave the country, the people of colonizer followed their rules and regulation and cultured become mixed. so whatever literature produced that has confusion of Identities.
Ex. 1. A House For Mr. Biswas by V.S. Naipaul
2. The Satanic Verses by Salman Rushdie
-Postcolonial literature also known as commonwealth literature.
- Edward Said 's Orientalism is also connected with post colonial literature
- Twelve Years a Slave by Solomon Northup also postcolonial work.
-Kamau Brathwaite - The history of the voice, 1979
- Gayatri spivak - In other Worlds: Essays in Cultural politics, 1987
- Homi Bhabha- The Location of Culture
Literature and non-fiction
- Chinua Achebe - Things Fall Apart, 1958
- Ngugi wa Thiong'o - The River Between, 1965
- Sembene Ousmane - God's Bits of Wood, 1962
- Ruth Prawer Jhabvala - Heat and Dust, 1975
- Buchi Emecheta - The Joys of Motherhood, 1979
- Keri Hulme - The Bone People, 1983
- Robertson Davies - What's Bred in the Bone, 1985
- Kazuo Ishiguro - The Remains of the Day, 1988
- Bharati Mukherjee - Jasmine, 1989
- Jill Ker Conway - The Road from Coorain, 1989
- Helena Norberg-Hodge - Ancient Futures: Learning from Ladakh, 1991
- Michael Ondaatje - The English Patient, 1992
- Gita Mehta - A River Sutra, 1993
- Arundhati Roy - The God of Small Things, 1997
- Patrick Chamoiseau - Texaco, 1997
Corona virus and postcolonialism :-
Now a day corona pandemic has great impact on whole world and its being very important part of postcolonial literature. If we look in the history we also got idea how superiority exploit inferiority. The same theory we can apply in pandemic in postcolonial country. the great Plague to corona virus in postcolonial country faced only problem is that exploitation of poor people. This concept is concern with Capitalization and Marxism.
conclusion :-
To summing up we can say that the term postcolonialism is very huge. It is harder to describe it in very short manner. above is my little try to clarify some points about postcolonialism.
Words :- 1174
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