Tuesday, 24 November 2020

# kuch kar

 so hope you all are fine 


  you know it is very become hard for everyone to represent the reality of life yet it is not hard. 


 ham na kabhi kabhi kuch zhada hi philosophic ho hate hai ! actually hona bhi chahiye but it is good to do,batter than no to do. aap kuch kar rhe hai ye zhada  maine rakhta hai. 


to mere bandhu majara ye hai ki kuch karo aur jo kar rhe ho use karte rho. kabhi kabhi kya hota hai you know ham na ladna hi chhod dete hai. this is the biggest problem of us. chalo isi bat pr ek kahani sunte hai 


ek bar ek aadami swarg me pohcha and usne dekha ki kitani sari chize waha ek bade se coupboard me rakhi hui thi! car, success, job, like that to aadami to chok gaya ke bhagvanne ke kyu rakha hai yha ? 


vo sidha gaya bhagvan ke pass aur puchha ke aapne ye sab yha kyu rakha hai ? 


you know God give very beautiful answer and is that ke ye sab human beings ki ichhaye hai aur vo jab kuchh pana chahta hai to me use dene ke taiyari me hi hota hu pr aap hi uske liye ladna chhod dete hai ! 


yes this happens with us ham kuch determine to karte hai but action nahi lete. i know that its behind reasons kabhi kabhi parrents sath nahi dete, kabhi kabhi paiso ki tangi hoti hai, kabhi kabhi sab hota hai pr ham ladna chood dete hai, kabhi kabhi karte he pr aadha hi chood dete hai. everythings happen becouse it is life and ham na bade chutiya hai, sorry to say ham na darte bahot hai .

ham sab ek hi problem face kar rahe hai soch te bahot hai lekin karte kuchh nahi 

ham na sochte to kabhi kabhi dhirubhai ambhani jaisa pr karte nahi kuch bhi amd as i told you that vo ichha hi banke reh jati hai 


 Action without vision is a nightmare.” No matter who said it first, it makes a good point. We need a creative vision to make change in the world—but vision alone is not enough; we also need execution to make that change real. 

Sunday, 22 November 2020

POSTCOLONIALISM

 Introduction  :-




   Today we have attended the session of prof. Bill Ashcroft with the topic of Postcolonialism so let's summarized this immense topic and also look analysis this topic. 



Before discussion about Postcolonialism it should be necessary to understand what is colonialism ?  

 Answer :-

Colonialism is the policy of a foreign polity seeking to extend or retain its authority over other people or territories, generally with the aim of opening trade opportunities.


:-  The colonized country seeks to benefit from the colonized country or land mass. Here I would like to put one video on colonialism which increase the knowledge if this particular concept.






WHAT IS THE MEANING OF DECOLONIZATION?

20th century people become aware that colonized ruled over them and they come to gather for exile colonization. At the middle of 20th century colonies were disappearing and people became free from slaveries. 


NEO-COLONIZATION 

The term neo-colonization represent the mentality of colonizing people. The term describe that colonies were exiling but their impact on people are remain. 


I would like to represent the slide which described difference between Colonialism and Postcolonialism 




 
Brief summary of prof. Bill Ashcroft's views on postcolonialism :-

  Prof. Bill Ashcroft give his own views on post colonialism and is that 
- Postcolonialism had a very interesting journey since 1989 when ' The Empire Right Back' was published.
- It is that branch of the contemporary theory that investigates and develops proposition. 
- Postcolonialism stable if you  like is like he call a convivial critical democracy.
- Critical democracy is embraces a wide range of difference specialization. It look at the operations of language racism of ethnicity and various aspect of colonial existence. 

 POSTCOLONIALISM  AND GLOBALIZATION :- 
- Language of postcolonialism drove the culture turn in globalization in the 1990s.
Simon Gikandi and they have two important things in common 
(1)  They are concern with explaining forms of social and cultural organization whose ambition is to transcend the boundaries of the nation-state and 
(2) They seek to provide new ways to understand cultural flows that can longer be explained by a homogenous Eurocentric narrative of development and social change.

ON POLONIAL FUTURES BY BILL ASHCROFT :-




In this groundbreaking work, Bill Ashcroft extends the arguments posed in The Empire Writes Back to investigate the transformative effects of postcolonial resistance and the continuing relevance of colonial struggle.

-Growing themes:-
-Transnational literatures 
- Transnationalism 
- Multiple modernities 
- World literature 
- Cosmopolitanism 
- The postcolonial sacred and 
- Postcolonial Ecocriticism 

Postcolonial Utopianism :- 

 Here prof. Bill also take a term Utopia which is given by Thomas More. So it is necessary for use to understand the term Utopian society 



Utopia (Libellus vere aureus, nec minus salutaris quam festivus, de optimo rei publicae statu deque nova insula Utopia,[1] "A little, true book, not less beneficial than enjoyable, about how things should be in the new island Utopia") is a work of fiction and socio-political satire by Thomas More (1478–1535), written in Latin and published in 1516. The book is a frame narrative primarily depicting a fictional island society and its religious, social, and political customs. Many aspects of More's description of Utopia are reminiscent of life in monasteries.

 Now here I would like to give some point of utopian society :-

  • On the Best State of a Republic and on the New Island of Utopia
  • Concerning the Highest State of the Republic and the New Island Utopia
  • On the Best State of a Commonwealth and on the New Island of Utopia
  • Concerning the Best Condition of the Commonwealth and the New Island of Utopia
  • On the Best Kind of a Republic and About the New Island of Utopia
  • About the Best State of a Commonwealth and the New Island of Utopia 

 Postcolonial utopianism by Bill Ashcroft 

  
In this video Bill sir discuss his term how Utopian society and 
postcolonial society is concerned with each other. Besides the all topic he also mention about " Literature's Anticipatory Function ", " Boarder and Horizon of Literature " , " postcolonialism and Nation ".


 Transnation :-

     Young nation such as Australia this becomes almost an obsession as it grows people are obsessed with the idea of Australian nation identity and probably an India too. The idea of national identity is something that people can escape really whether they're drawn to it or not. Now this brings in the postcolonialism as always seen the nation. Even the post-independence nation as a disappointment and the nation itself as something that is waiting.
  

Besides this all concept of colonialism I would like to represent some post colonial literature and it's related terms :-

Postcolonial literature has three major themes :

1. Exile and Alienation -
                    
       This term is connected with protagonist. In this kind of work protagonist went to another country and he leaved his countries culture and life and his mental condition also set based on that particular place. 

Ex. 1. Ulysses by James Joyce 
      2. In the castle of my skin by George Lamming 
      3. Fire on the mountain by Anita Desai 


2. Struggle and opposition -

       This theme consist struggle between colonized and colonizer people. Struggle is like social struggle and political struggle.

Ex. 1. A passage to India by E.M. Forster 
      2. Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe 

3. Confusion of Identities 


             When colonized people leave the country, the people of colonizer followed their rules and regulation and cultured become mixed. so whatever literature produced that has confusion of Identities. 

Ex. 1. A House For Mr. Biswas by V.S. Naipaul
      2. The Satanic Verses by Salman Rushdie


-Postcolonial literature also known as commonwealth literature.

- Edward Said 's Orientalism is also connected with post colonial literature 

- Twelve Years a Slave by Solomon Northup also postcolonial work.

-Kamau Brathwaite - The history of the voice, 1979

- Gayatri spivak - In other Worlds: Essays in Cultural politics, 1987 

- Homi Bhabha- The Location of Culture 


Literature and non-fiction

  • Chinua Achebe - Things Fall Apart, 1958
  • Ngugi wa Thiong'o - The River Between, 1965
  • Sembene Ousmane - God's Bits of Wood, 1962
  • Ruth Prawer Jhabvala - Heat and Dust, 1975
  • Buchi Emecheta - The Joys of Motherhood, 1979
  • Keri Hulme - The Bone People, 1983
  • Robertson Davies - What's Bred in the Bone, 1985
  • Kazuo Ishiguro - The Remains of the Day, 1988
  • Bharati Mukherjee - Jasmine, 1989
  • Jill Ker Conway - The Road from Coorain, 1989
  • Helena Norberg-Hodge - Ancient Futures: Learning from Ladakh, 1991
  • Michael Ondaatje - The English Patient, 1992
  • Gita Mehta - A River Sutra, 1993
  • Arundhati Roy - The God of Small Things, 1997
  • Patrick Chamoiseau - Texaco, 1997

Corona virus and postcolonialism :-


         Now a day corona pandemic has great impact on whole world and its being very important part of postcolonial literature. If we look in the history we also got idea how superiority exploit inferiority. The same theory we can apply in pandemic in postcolonial country. the great Plague to corona virus in postcolonial country faced only problem is that exploitation of poor people. This concept is concern with Capitalization and Marxism. 




 conclusion :-
         
           To summing up we can say that the term postcolonialism is very huge. It is harder to describe it in very short manner. above is my little try to clarify some points about postcolonialism. 


                
Words :- 1174 

Wednesday, 18 November 2020

#AB KYA KIYA JAYEπŸ‘€

To mere bandhu😁😁😁 


Aajana ek aur kahani sunani hai. so are you ready na ?


kitane dino se soch rahi thi ki likhu and finally yesterdat night I have found my inspiration. pata hai kabhi kabhi kya hota hai??πŸ˜ͺ ha bas yahi hota hai.


you know every thing going good but hamara mood off hota hai. pr kyu hota hai ??????

chalo answer khoj te hai 😎#happiness #whymoodoff ?

 aajna ek human being whose name is NIYA usaki bat aapko kehni hai. she is girl full of pride and intellectuality. bachapan se uska dream tha ki vo Doctor banegi. she was in class 3rd and ek bar ma'am ne puchhha 

ma'am: Beta, bade hokar kya bano ge ?

Niya : mam( English ki text book thi uske hath main 7th STD ki ) ye book main aana hai πŸ˜€. 

Ma'am : beta usake liye to aapko bahut mehanat karni pade gi 

Niya : me karugi 

Then vo 10th main aayi and she had decided ke MBBS karna hai 

but vo usane commerce join kar liya

then she decided ke CA banugi but same happened again 12th ke baad arts join kiya 😐😐 and one day use ye class 3rd vala incident yaad aaya and she finally realized ke duniya🌍🌍 gol hai and to jaha hai vaha sahi hai 


aap soch rahe hoge ye kya hai😏😏 but it is necessary to tell the story because it is seemed easy to understand any particular thing about life in story manner. dekho mere bandhu life aisi hi hai 

pain and heal 

sorrow and happiness , darkness and lightness, failure and success everything is connected. it is like a coin, which has two side in one form and ye sikka bhi zaruri haiπŸ˜‰

Niya was disappointed with life and she thought that she is not enough good for anything but usane chalna nahi chhoda and vo jis bhi field main hai vaha imandarise mehanat karti hai. 

to mere bandhu ab jo muh latakaye baithe ho vo chhodo aur aage badho. we all know that nothing is mortal. jab pata hai to pareshani kyu ? just think anout your self kitani achhi life mili hai hame aur ek ham hai ki pessimist bane hue hai everything is happened bas nazariye ki bat hai failure main bhi success hai aur bichadne me bhi milna hai 

Bas aapko karna ye hai ki jaha ho vaha se aage badhana sikho. somewhere I have had read " Chalte rehne se hi safalta milti hai , ruka hua to pani bhi bekar ho jata hai ." so aahe badho aur sahi disha main badho.

To aaj bas itnahi in short be happy #makesomeone too happy 

and one more thing haste rho zindagu bahot hasin haiπŸ˜‰πŸ˜‰ aur ha ham NIYA ko doctor zarur banaye ge MBBS vala nahi ARTS vala hi sahi😁


Sunday, 15 November 2020

ECOCRITICISM : SHUTANSHU YASHSCHANDRA'S 'TREE ONCE AGAIN'


😁😁Hello readers, 

in this blog we will get aware about ecocriticism. Nature is the most important part of the earth and human being also. so as the part of the earth it is duty of human being to tack a care of nature. We should remember that not only human but also creature, insects, forest, trees, and all livelihood are the part of nature and for our own sake human being destroyed these chain of nature.



           In this video we got the idea that how human beings destroyed the nature but what is next ? Now a day we all faces so many natural calamities and yes corona virus is one kind of calamity, so refer this time our MK BHAVANAGAR ENGLISH DEPARTMENT had arranged the virtual session of DEVANG NANAVATI. 

TOPIC : ECOCRITICAL THINKING:SITANSHU YASHASCHANDRA'S 'TREE ONCE AGAIN'




WHAT IS THE MEANING OF ECOCRITICISM ?

Ecocriticism is the study of literature and the environment from an interdisciplinary point of view, where literature scholars analyze texts that illustrate environmental concerns and examine the various ways literature treats the subject of nature.










    TREE ONCE AGAIN 🌳🌳🌳:-






Here I am putting one slide which consists poem in both form, in English as well as in Gujarati.

 
 Summary of poem :-

           This poem is very significant because Sitanshu Yashaschandra has very charming style of satire and in this poem, poet also use this literary device. Sitanshu sir has great style of satire to describe human sentiments, emotions and after reading of his work we might laugh but this laugh is part of his satire. In this poem we also find black satire.

In this poem poet describe his own thought of one trunk and also said that the dinning table, chairs, writing table, books, all are made with wood of tree and we have not idea how many trunks were used in this process of making furniture. and what we should do with them? we easily changed them and replaces with new one. we can not though the processing of these and for making these all comfort human has cut down so many trees.


 Analysis of poem and ecocriticism :-

       Now let's discuss the critical analysis of the poem. This whole poem is based on critical point of view. poet describe how human being mercilessly cutting down the trees and it will bring the great chaotic problems in the chain of nature.

Now a day we have faced so many natural crisis like Ozon level, increase of Carbon dioxide, fires in forest and tsunami. All are  natural  crisis and who is the real cause of behind this ? Answer is human being. we all for our comfort and luxuries brake the rule of nature. 

From the time of ancient we used to say that trees are the most important part we all chanting and pray them but now we turns forest into desert for making building, furniture, pages and lots of things and it will create a great chaos on nature 



 This image shows how we spread pollution







Not only the vehicles but also green house for farming and industrial pollution are cause of these and special cutting down of trees.

 

 We have so many examples in the past that how people came on to save the trees and environment. so let's look that movements 

 CHIPAKO MOVEMENT :-


The Chipko movement was a non-violent agitation in 1973 that was aimed at protection and conservation of trees, but, perhaps, it is best remembered for the collective mobilisation of women for the cause of preserving forests, which also brought about a change in attitude regarding their own status in society.


tThis was the strongest form of resistance against rampant cutting of trees, where people asserted their rights over nature, vowing to protect it. The movement turned 45 years old today.

Chipko type movement dates to 1730 AD when in Khejarli village of Rajasthan, 363 people of the Bishnoi tribe sacrificed their lives to save khejri trees. Woman named Amrita Devi led the movement in the 18th century and laid down her life along with a group of villagers while protecting trees from being felled on the orders of the King of Jodhpur. After this incident, the king, in a royal decree, banned cutting of trees in all Bishnoi villages. 




MUMBAI'S SAVE AAREY FOREST MOVEMENT :-


Huge Victory for 'Save AareyMovement as Metro Car Shed to be Shifted to Kanjurmarg in Mumbai. Maharashtra CM Uddhav Thackeray announced shifting of the metro car shed leaving Aarey forest with 800 acres of land. ... The CM also added that Rs 100 crore has been spent on the metro car shed building work at Aarey.

Both the movement describe how people came on the front for save the trees.



 NOW LET'S LOOK THE GTREAT FOREST FIRE OF 2020 IN AUSTRALIA


The 2019–20 Australian bushfire season, colloquially known as the Black Summer, was a period of unusually intense bushfires in many parts of Australia.

In June 2019, the Queensland Fire and Emergency Service acting director warned of the potential for an early start to the bushfire season which normally starts in August. The warning was based on the Northern Australia bushfire seasonal outlook noting exceptional dry conditions and a lack of soil moisture, combined with early fires in central Queensland. Throughout the summer, hundreds of fires burnt, mainly in the southeast of the country. The major fires peaked during December–January.



Now I would like to represent some literary works whose description of nature is really remarkable :- 


1. AKUPAR 



AKUPAR is one of the remarkable novel by Dhruv Bhatta. it describe the beauty if GIR forest and in this novel.



Above is concern with ecocritical studies 


Conclusion :-



To summing up we can say that now a day we all get aware about nature. It is duty of human being to look after the nature and do not destroy it. it is time of waking up and thinking about "PRAKRUTI". Now we have to under stand that "vishal jag vistare nathi ek j manvi, pashu chhe, pankhi chhe"- Umashankar Joshis's poem very artistically describe that this earth is not only belonging to human beings besides them so many livelihood stay here. it is time to be Eco -centered people and being friendlyπŸŒ²πŸŒ³πŸŒ΄πŸŽ„ toward nature. we should be look after this matter and be Eco-friendly. 
 



Tuesday, 3 November 2020

The difference between Elizabethan age and Neoclassical age

☺  DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ELIZABETHAN AGE AND NEO-CLASSICAL AGE:


πŸ‘‰       THE ELIZABETHAN AGE(1550-1620)





Introduction :-


The age of Elizabethan is also known as the age of Renaissance in England. The character of queen is very significant because very earlier age Elizabethan became the queen of England. In this little age her childish character and strong determination brought a great change in the era. Elizabethan's succession brought two important feature of the period which is summarized here:


1.Settlement 

During this period the English nation was attaining the political stability. Dynastic problems, though still nerve-racking, did not cause open warfare, and the union of crowns finally set a rest the ancient quarrel between Scotland and England. This settlement or stability was proof of good literature.  


2.Development 

we all knows that the age of queen Elizabethan is also know as the age of Renaissance. In this particular age their are lots of political, social, historical, geographical and astrological invention were happened.



πŸ‘‰    NEO-CLASSICAL AGE(1700-1800)






 Introduction :-


18th century is also known as the neo-classical age during this period great poets like Alexander Pope had translated great works of  Homer, Vergil and Ovid and also followed the rules and regulations of classical era that's why this age is known age neo-classical age.



This age is also known as


1)THE AUGUSTAN AGE 

      In the Rome Augustan Caesar's time, there were the brilliant writers like Virgil , Horace, Ovid, Like that the 18th century is full of brilliant writers that is the meaning of Augustan age.


2)THE AGE OF REASON AND PROCE 

     Neo-classicism gave a lots of importance to order, correctness , the application of reason, in this way the age is known as the age of Reason and Prose. Matthew Arnold in the essay called " The study of poetry " called the Augustan age " Our excellent and indispensable 18th century, the age of prose and the reason."

Whatever above  given  is just basic information of both age. Now let give the differentiate general characteristics of both ages 


Political summery of the period :-


-Elizabethan age

   in the age of Elizabethan all doubts about religion was vanished and people were free from every religious as well as political bondages Queen Elizabethan's reign brought great sunrise in that period. The accession of a queen was the sunrise after a long night. 

In Milton's word, we suddenly see England 

" a noble and puissant nation, rousing herself, like a strong man after sleep, and shaking her invincible locks."

At the age of seventeen Elizabethan became the Queen of England. That time the character of Elizabethan was mingling of frivolity and strength which reminds one of that irony image with feet of clay, we have nothing whatever to do. As the student of literature we can find out two facts about this era : that t Elizabeth, with all her vanity and inconsistency, steadily loved England and England’s greatness; and that she inspired all her people with the unbounded patriotism which exults in Shakespeare, and with the personal devotion which finds a voice in the Faery Queen. Under her administration the English national life progressed by gigantic leaps rather than by slow historical process, and English literature reached the very highest point of its development.



-Neo-classical age 

We can divided this particular age into two groups 

1.Augustan age (1700-1750)

2.The age of sensibility (1750-1798)

so many authors believe that 18th century consist the fundament of romantic age. in the year 1685 king Charles II was banished and his own daughter and sun-in-law marry and William of orange to be throne, marks the end of the long struggle for political freedom in England. in the year 1694 marry was died and William of orange also died in1702 and the second daughter of James II, Anne became the queen. In the reign of Charles II the two great political parties came out and will become well know among the whole England is that 'Whig' and 'Tory' ; by the year1700 they were in everybody's mouth . 



Religious situation in both ages :-


Religious Tolerance in Elizabethan age :-

The most important characteristic of the age was the comparative religious tolerance, which was due largely to the queen's influence. After became the queen of England Elizabethan found that the whole kingdom divided again itself; the North was largely catholic, while the Southern countries were largely protestant. Scotland had followed the Reformation in its own intense way, while Ireland remained true to its old religious traditions, and both countries were openly rebellious. Elizabeth favored both religious parties, and presently the world saw with amazement Catholics and Protestants acting together as trusted counselors of a great sovereign. The defeat of the Spanish Armada established the Reformation as a fact in England, and at the same time united all Englishmen in a magnificent national enthusiasm. In nutshell we can say that succession of Elizabethan brought harmony and peace in religion. Now all the questions was gone about religious tolerance and people were free to write about religion. This chief event brought freedom of writing in England and that's why gradually the great writer come on the stage. 


The new morality in Neo-classical age :-

  Like the age of Elizabethan there no so more religious questions but in this period so many question about morality in work. The immorality of the Restoration, which had been almost entirely a Court phenomenon and was largely the reaction against extreme Puritanism, soon spent itself. The natural process of time was hastened by opinion in high quarters. William III was-a severe moralist, and Anne, his successor, was of the same character. Thus we soon see a new tone in the writing of the time. and n new attitude to life and morals. Addison, in an early number of The Spectator, puts the new fashion in his own admirable way: "I shall Endeavour to enliven morality with wit, and to temper wit with morality." Another development of the same spirit is seen in the revised opinion of women, who are treated with new respect and dignity. Much coarseness is still to be felt, especially in satirical writing, in which Swift, for instance, can be quite vile; but the general upward tendency is undoubtedly there.



social condition of the age :-


social contentment in Elizabethan age :-


As we all know that the era of queen is the era of Renaissance in England and that's why we have found so many social development. so many people got employment and it's increasing wealth of England.at least, that for the first time some systematic care for the needy was attempted. Parishes were made responsible for their own poor, and the wealthy were taxed to support them or give them employment. The increase of wealth, the improvement in living, the opportunities for labor, the new social content—these also are factors which help to account for the new literary activity. 


social development in neo-classical age :-


in the first half portion of the 18th century, we also see the rapid social development. this century is also known as the industrial development or revolution. The great industrial revolution was started in this age and so many needy people got employment and also brought the development in farms, so many machines and new gadgets. In a single generation nearly two thousand public coffeehouses, each a center of sociability, sprang up in London alone, and the number of private clubs is quite as astonishing.[183] This new social life had a marked effect in polishing men’s words and manners.



Literary development of the age :-


  Development in Elizabethan age :-


Elizabethan age is the re- awaking age of dark age and development of so many fields. In this same way there are three from of literature became popular among the people and it is as under 


1) Poetry 

During this age the form of poetry developed by Edmund Spencer. Especially his work 'Faery Queen'. The Faery Queen is the great work upon which the poet’s fame chiefly rests. The original plan of the poem included twenty-four books, each of which was to recount the adventure and triumph of a knight who represented a moral virtue. Spenser’s purpose, as indicated in a letter to Raleigh which introduces the poem. In this period there were other poets who contributed in the poetry and is that Thomas Sackville, Sir Philip Sidney , George Chapman and Michael Drayton.


2) Drama 

The literary form, the drama was largely developed in Elizabethan age. First the deed, then the story, then the play; that seems to be the natural development of the drama in its simplest form. before the development of drama and before the Marlowe, people just enjoy only play which was based on life of  Christ. this form only based on Gospel. Gradually drama was developed and we can distinguished it in to three groups 


I. The Religious period 

in Europe , as in Greece the drama has religious origin.in this age Miracle and Mystery plays were well known.  In France the name miracle was given to any play representing the lives of the saints, while the Mystere represented scenes from the life of Christ or stories from the Old Testament associated with the coming of Messiah.

II. The Moral period 

The second or moral period of the drama is shown by the increasing prevalence of the Morality plays. In these the characters were allegorical personages,—Life, Death, Repentance, Goodness, Love, Greed, and other virtues and vices.

III. The Artistic period 

The artistic is the final stage in the development of the English drama. It differs radically from the other two in that its chief purpose is not to point a moral but to represent human life as it is. 

In nutshell Marlowe , Shakespeare and ben Jonson are the great dramatist of that particular  era and his contribution brought a great revolution in the field of drama. Not only this dramatis but also other dramatist like John Webster, Thomas Middleton, Thomas Heywood contributed much.


3) Prose

Francis Bacon is one the remarkable figure in that era and his contribution for essay was great. Besides the Bacon there was another writers, historians, editors who were contributed in the development, and is that Sidney and Raleigh, John Foxe, Camden and Knox, Hakluyt and Purchase.



Development in Neo-classical age :-


In this era prose writing was dominant, in this age we can't give particular distinguish and that's why I have write down some important notes about literary form/work of the age.

-Literary from of classical period is believed to have two purpose -To instruct and To delight.

-The neo-classical gave importance to instruct.

-Before you delight, you have to teach people, the didactic purpose of the literature is important 

-They gave a lots of importance to form over than content.

-They gave important to use of heroic couplets as against blank verse that was used in the age of Elizabethan.

-In the Elizabethan period, unrhymed iambic pentameter or blank verse was predominant. The neoclassical like Dryden, Pope, Johnson, they used the heroic couplet. They also gave importance to poetic diction. The language of poetry is higher than the language of ordinary use or the language of prose.

-Restoration comedy was licentious and immortal. And in 1737, that is in the 18th century , there was the Licensing Act that was passed by Robert Walpole.

- Two famous clubs also immerge people with literary work is that Kit-Kat club and Scriblerus club.

-The illustrious members of the Whig club, the Kit-Kat club, include Horace Walpole himself, William Congreve, the writer of Restoration Comedy, Addison, Steel, the prose , the prose writer etc.

-The important member of Scriblerus were Jonathan Swift, Alexander Pope, John Gay.

-And, at this time, there was a group of women, literary women, they were called the Bluestocking Ladies. Samuel Richardson was also the good friend of Sarah Fielding and some women writers were part of the circle and his friendship with women writers, it is said , gave Samuel Richardson great insight into female psychology which is seen in his novels like Pamela.

-like Samuel Richardson's circle, there was Dr. Johnson's circle.

-The first daily in England was THE DAILY COURANT, published in 1701. very important are the periodicals like THE TATLER, stared by RICHARD STEELE.

-THE TATLER came trice in a week, from 1709 to1711. Followed by THE SPECTATOR. It was published from 1711 to 1712, and later revived in 1714.

-There are also many other periodical like

 RICHARD STEELE'S OWN GARDIAN,

 DENIAL DEFOE'S REVIEW, 

-THEN DR.JOHNSON'S RAMBLER AND GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE etc.

-The periodicals were the vehicles for the periodical essays. The periodical essays provided some mild social criticism.

So in this shorts form i have been describe the development of the literary form of neoclassical age.


conclusion :-

To summing up the question we can say that both age has rapid change in so many forms. Elizabethan age is the beginning of the Renaissance in the English literature while neo-classical followed the rules and regulation, Both ages are quite different from each other. The Elizabethan age represent the freshness of each and every field while neoclassical followed the rules and regulations.



One Week FDP: 'Literature, Media and Films: Theory and Praxis'

  Hello everyone, last week was full of amazing and knowledgeable. I have attended one week(22nd to 27th July 2024) of a faculty development...